Lesser White-fronted Goose

Anser erythropus - Oie naine

Systematics
  • Order 
    :

    Anseriformes

  • Family
    :

    Anatidés

  • Genus
    :

    Anser

  • Species
    :

    erythropus

Descriptor

Linnaeus, 1758

Biometrics
  • Size
    : 66 cm
  • Wingspan
    : 115 à 135 cm.
  • Weight
    : 1950 à 2300 g
Geographic range

Distribution

Identification

Oie naine
adult plum. breeding
Oie naine
adult

The Lesser White-fronted Goose is part of the grey geese group, along with the Greylag Goose, Red-breasted Goose, Barnacle Goose, Tundra Bean Goose, and Egyptian Goose, a group so named due to the color of the upper plumage which contains more or less grey. It is very similar to the Red-breasted Goose (white face, pink beak, black ventral bars and orange legs) and its identification requires a minimum of attention. This is why the following description will be comparative. As in all grey geese, there is no sexual dimorphism.
The Lesser White-fronted Goose is monotypic (no subspecies). The adult is slightly smaller than the Red-breasted Goose, with a slightly shorter neck, a rounder head with a bulging white forehead effect, and a shorter beak, but this can be quite subjective. It is absolutely necessary to have a good view of the head. The adult has a white face that extends in a point at the front of the crown (rounded white on the forehead of the Red-breasted Goose), a clear yellow eye ring, even in birds of the first winter (no eye ring or a narrower and much less evident eye ring in the Red-breasted Goose) and a shorter, triangular shaped pink beak in side view.
The juvenile does not have a white face or black ventral bars; these characteristics only develop in the late winter or spring and some birds of the second year acquire them later. The nostrils are dark and the legs have less vivid orange.

Subspecific information monotypic species

Foreign names

  • Oie naine,
  • Ánsar chico,
  • ganso-pequeno-de-testa-branca,
  • Zwerggans,
  • kis lilik,
  • Dwerggans,
  • Oca lombardella minore,
  • fjällgås,
  • Dverggås,
  • hus malá,
  • husa malá,
  • Dværggås,
  • kiljuhanhi,
  • oca riallera petita,
  • Fjallgæs,
  • gęś mała,
  • mazā zoss,
  • mala gos,
  • Пискулька,
  • カリガネ,
  • 小白额雁,
  • 小白額雁,

Voice song and cries

Oie naine
adult

The vocalizations of the Lesser White-fronted Goose are quite varied. The intonation of their voice is higher than the laughter of its relatives, with its notes ringing louder. The most typical call is a kou you you followed by kaya kaya, krep krep krep..., ha ha ha ha and hra hra hra with many variations. Unless one is a specialist of this species, I don't think one can really rely on the voice to identify it.

Habitat

Oie naine
adult

The Lesser White-fronted Goose inhabits open Arctic areas, in particular the shrub-covered tundra of the lower Arctic and the lightly-wooded northern fringe of the upper taiga zone.

It is also found around bodies of water and on mountain slopes. It breeds up to 700 m in Scandinavia, but can be found higher on the uplands post-breeding for the moult, which requires tranquillity that is no longer available on its traditional breeding grounds due to exploitation of meadows by local people.
Wintering areas lie further south. It mainly winters in western areas of the continent in dry grassland steppes, on semi-arid, short grassland areas, and, of course, on agricultural land. Oriental birds appear to favour wetter habitats, such as the reedbeds at the edge of bodies of water.

Dietfeeding habits

Oie naine
adult

The Lesser White-fronted Goose is a strict vegetarian, carried all year round on two groups of herbaceous plants, the Poaceae (formerly Gramineae) and the Cyperaceae. It can be very dependent on their availability, especially if it specializes in certain ones. This can determine the location of breeding sites and reproductive success as well as the location of wintering areas.

Reproduction nesting

Oie naine
adult plum. breeding

Reproduction is very late, linked to the high latitudes of the sites; it starts at the end of May or in June.

Families will leave the location from mid-August to mid-September. Couples are monogamous and apparently perennial. The nest is built of grasses in a depression of the shrubby tundra, often near open water, and lined with down before laying. The female lays 4 to 6 eggs (2-8) which she incubates for about 4 weeks. The chick is covered with brown down above and yellowish below. He flies at the age of about 6 weeks. Families will remain united until the end of the first winter. Sexual maturity is reached at the age of 3 years for the young that are lucky enough to survive until then.

Geographic range

Oie naine
adult

The Lesser White-fronted Goose breeds throughout the Eurasian Arctic, from northern Scandinavia to the extreme eastern Russian region of Anadyr. Its wintering area is divided into two. Birds from the western side of the continent migrate towards Central Europe, especially west of the Black Sea, and south towards the Caspian Sea and Mesopotamia. Eastern birds head east to China, South Korea and Japan.

Threats - protection

Oie naine
adult
IUCN conservation status
Extinct
Threatened
Least
concern
Extinc
in the Wild
Near
threatened
Not
evaluated
EX EW CR EN VU NT LC NE

The species is classified as 'vulnerable' by BirdLife International. All subpopulations are in decline and the downward trend is continuing. Rapid climate change in the Arctic due to global warming is possibly one of the causes. Wintering in politically unstable regions such as Iraq currently is certainly another. Finally, a low survival rate in the first years of life is another very negative parameter.

Other sources of interest

QRcode Oie naineSpecification sheet created on 27/07/2023 by
Translation by AI Oiseaux.net
published: - Updated: 24-12-2020
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